作者:管郁達
石羆是我在貴州大學藝術學院教過的學生。他學的是油畫,我教的是藝術史論方面的課程,所以,當時并不常見面。記得一九九八年我和董重在貴陽組織“西西弗青年藝術家提名展”時,石羆也在其中,大概就是從那個時候開始,石羆畫出了一些與城市題材有關的作品。那些作品樸實、真誠,透過荒蕪破敗的城市場景表現青春的壓抑和苦悶,流露出一種原始地域的表現主義情緒。
貴陽是一個在六十年代“三線建設”中突然崛起于西南山地壩子的新興工業城市。這種工業化的進程不同于中國其它地方,如沈陽或武漢這樣的大工業城市因天時地利之便所具有的恢宏氣勢。貴陽的工業布局完全受制于山地壩子狹小的地形,見縫插針,雜亂無章,零星散落在一些河谷與坡地的城鄉結合部之間。農業文明與工業文明無序混雜所呈現出來的“城市風景”給人的感覺非常詭異。有如超現實主義畫家筆下的魔幻場景。
石羆的繪畫靈感來源于學生時代具體的日常生活感受,他所生活的貴陽郊野到處充斥著一種冷酷野性的工業化“風景”。他從自己的身體感覺切入城市這個永遠讓人疑惑的話題,用一種近乎冷酷的象征手法描述了“城市”這個既熟悉又陌生的異托邦:這是一種具有存在主義意味的觀看經驗,有如法國作家加繆(Albert Camus)在其名作《鼠疫》和《局外人》中所表達的那種人類普遍的生存困境。
大致說來,石羆繪畫關于城市的隱喻和象征有三種表達方式:一為“家園”,這類作品有意歪曲房屋、樹、汽車和鳥之間的透視關系,制造了一種有如微縮景觀的觀看效果;其二為“空城計”,這類作品大多取俯瞰的視角任意截取城市的某一角落,好像早期都市電影記錄的片段;其三為“沙盤”,藝術家戲仿房地產營銷中的樓盤展示方式,將破敗的房屋和街角置于玻璃盒子之中,一本正經的表達中難掩其黑色幽默式的機鋒。
石羆的這些作品都具有一種挽歌意味的傷感情調,他使那些我們熟悉的、生活在其中的城市陌生化、間隔化,從而制造了一種有關城市的“劇場”效果,以喚起我們對“家園”的渴望和反思。其實,城市之為城市,就是因為它隱藏著我們能生活下去的秘密理由。發現這樣的理由,就是我們真正認識一個城市的開始。正如意大利作家卡爾維諾(Italo Calvino)所說:“城市猶如夢境:凡可以想象的東西都可以夢見,但是,即使最離奇的夢境也是一幅謎畫,其中隱藏著欲望,或者隱藏著反面的恐懼,像夢一樣。”
同樣,石羆筆下的城市就是這樣一幅幅破敗、荒蕪的謎畫。他想說的是,無論我們眼中的城市有多少丑惡和不幸,我們還有尋找快樂和幸福的權利。也許我們永遠也找不到,但我們至少永遠都在找的路上。這便是藝術家對“城市”的理解。因為城市也由欲望和恐懼造成,盡管二者之間只有秘密的交流、荒謬的規律和虛假的比例,盡管每種事物隱藏著另一種事物。石羆的“城市”也是會思想的生命活體。城市也認為自己是心思和機緣的造物,可是兩者都支不起城墻。我們喜歡一個城市,不在于它有八種或八十種奇景,只在于它對我們的問題所提示的答案。或者在于它迫使我們回答的問題:“搜尋尚可依稀可見到的幸福快樂的蹤跡,測量它缺失的程度。如果你想知道周圍有多么黑暗,你就得留意遠處的微弱光線。”(卡爾維諾〈Italo Calvino〉)——這既是石羆的繪畫在向“城市”提問,也是石羆筆下的“城市”給我們的提問。
2008年10月16日夜于昆明
Walking at the Invisible City
Guan Yuda
Shi Pi was one of the students of mine when I worked at the School of Art in Guizhou University. He was major in oil painting and I was mainly responsible for the courses about the history, so we didn’t often meet in class. It was in 1998 when Dong Zhong and I organized the “Sisyphus---Young Artists Nominated Exhibition” in Guiyang that Shi Pi was one of the exhibitors. Perhaps, from then on, he began to paint on the subject of a city, simply and sincerely, to express the depression of the youth through the waste and dilapidated city view, revealing his expressive feelings of the original region.
Guiyang grew up rapidly as a newly industrial city in southwest of China from the “construction of the third line” in 1960’s. Without the natural advantage of location like other Chinese big industrial cities such as Shenyang or Wuhan, Guiyang had its own plan of industrialization to make use of the unorderly plots among the outskirts of the cities in river valleys and hillside areas, restricted within the narrow flats of the mountainous region. The “city view”, mix by civilizations between agriculture and industry in confusion, seemed quite grotesque as the magic land created by surrealists.
Shi Pi should be inspired by the daily feelings of his school time in the suburb of Guiyang where the cold and wild industrialized “view” could be found in every corner. He came into the everlasting topic of puzzle by his own physical sensations to paint the “city” as the familiar and strange heterotopias by the symbolism quite straight. It’s more like existentialism that French author Albert Camus wrote in his famous <<Pestis>> and <<Outsider>> to focus on the universal difficulties of existence.
Generally, Shi Pi has three ways of symbolization, or metaphor, referred to a city. First is “home”. The houses, trees, cars and birds were painted out of perspective intentionally as the result of a miniature. Secondly, “empty city stratagem”, any part of a city was overlooked and recorded like the early urban documentaries. Last one is “sandbox” borrowed from real estate agency. The dilapidated houses and streets were arranged into a glass box in all seriousness, but the wit of black humor unveiled.
It was by the sad elegy in his paintings that we were distanced from the city we lived and used to be familiar with, and aroused our missing of “home” when we were not on the stage. In fact, a city is the place to hide the secret reason of our survival which accounts for us understanding in the real beginning. Italian author Italo Calvino said: “A city is a dream: all the imaginations will be found. But, even the most extraordinary dream is still a puzzle painted with desires, or, unreal and reversed fears under cover.”
The cities created by Shi Pi are the same, dilapidated and waste, to present his thought of the “city” that no matter how ugly or unfortunately our cities are, we still have the right of happiness. Maybe we will never reach it, but at least we are on our way there. A city consists in desires and fears, since they have been covered with each other by secret communication, ridiculous regulation and illusive proportion. His “city” is alive and able to think itself as the creature with idea and fortune, however, which can’t put up the walls. Our attention would rather give to a city’s answer to our question than its eight or eighty kinds of wonderful view. Or, what we are forced to face: “Searching for the hints of happiness able to see, measure how much it has been lost already. Be careful, darkness is going to show when the distant light comes over in a manner.” (Italo Calvino)---the artist questioned his “city” and the “city” is questioning us the same too.
October 16, 2008 at night, Kunming
在看不見的城市漫游
在看不見的城市漫游
在看不見的城市漫游
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